Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu
Chapter 66
Chapter 66
"The sea is the ruler of the rivers,
Because it lies below them.
Thus a ruler should always:
Speak like a subordinate, and lead by following after.
The ruler stands above, and no one feels the weight.
The great rivers and streams all pour their tribute of the world onto the seas.
The seas gain this tribute and are called high and mighty because they lie low, humility gives the sea its power.
It is for this reason that the followers of Tao humble themselves before mankind.
They speak in tones of humility and lowborn status.
They do not attempt to lead, but learn to follow, and find themselves leading the people from behind.
In this way the wise sovereign will rule over the people, but they will not feel his weight.
He will lead the people, but they will not feel slighted or displeased.
The people will gladly uphold and support such a one as this.
The master does not strive, in this way no one can strive against him."
- Translated by John Dicus, 2002, Chapter 66
"The sea is the ruler of the rivers,
Because it lies below them.
Thus a ruler should always:
Speak like a subordinate, and lead by following after.
The ruler stands above, and no one feels the weight."
- Translated by Ned Ludd, Chapter 66
"That which allows the rivers and seas to serve as kings of the small valley streams,
Is their ability to be below the small valley streams.
Therefore, they can serve as the kings of the small valley streams.
The Sage's presence at the front of his people, results from putting himself behind them.
The reason he is above them is that in his words he is below them.
But although he is on top of his people, they do not regard him as heavy;
And although he is in front of his people, they do not regard him as posing a threat.
All under heaven delight in advancing him while never tiring of him.
Because he does not compete,
No one in the world can compete with him."
- Translated by Robert G. Hendricks, 2000, Chapter 66
"The reason why the sea
is king of all the valleys and the streams
is because it lies beneath them,
and so can act as king.
So anyone who wants to rule the people
must speak humbly to them;
Anyone who wants to lead the people
must follow them as if behind.
Those who are enlightened stand above the people,
and yet the people do not feel weighed down.
Those who are enlightened stand in front of the people,
and yet the people do not feel obstructed.
The whole world joyfully supports those who are enlightened
and never tires of doing so.
Because those who are enlightened contend with no one,
no one contends with them."
- Translated by Tim Chilcott, 2005, Chapter 66
"Why is the sea king of a hundred streams?
Because it lies below them.
Therefore it is the king of a hundred streams.
If the sage would guide the people, he must serve with humility.
If he would lead them, he must follow behind.
In this way when the sage rules, the people will not feel oppressed;
When he stands before them, they will not be harmed.
The whole world will support him and will not tire of him.
Because he does not compete,
He does not meet competition."
- Translated by Jane English, 1972, Chapter 66
"Why are the oceans and rivers kings of all the valleys?
Receiving all the watercourses in tribute.
Because they are benevolently the inferiors of all the valleys with regard to levels.
That is why all the water flows towards them.
Following this example, the Sage who wishes to become superior to the common people should speak in words beneath himself, speak very humbly of himself.
If he wishes to become the first, he should put himself in last place, and continue to do so, after he has been exalted.
He could then be elevated to the highest peak without the people feeling oppressed by him; he could be the first without the people complaining about him.
The whole empire would serve him with joy, without becoming weary of him.
For, not being opposed to anyone, no one would be opposed to him."
- Translated by Derek Bryce, 1999, Chapter 66
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