Showing posts with label Philosophy - American. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Philosophy - American. Show all posts

Thursday, February 19, 2026

Wittgenstein Revisited 2026

 

Wittgentstein, Ludwig (1889-1951)

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Culture and Value. Translated by Peter Winch. University of Chicago Press, 1980, index, 94 pages. VSCPL.

Wittgenstein's Artillery: Philosophy as Poetry. By James C. Klagge. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA., 2021, 258 pages, index, bibliography, notes. VSCPL.

suppose somebody says
suppose one wanted to ask
people will say
you may answer
someone says to me

you may say
suppose it were asked
one might ask
it will be said
suppose he might say

Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosoph in the Age of Airplances. By Anthony Gottlieb. Yale University, 2025, index, 209 pages. VSCPL.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G.E.M. Anscombe. Third Edition. Macmillan, 1958, 1968, index, 250 pages, VSCPL.

Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Blue and Brown Books. Preliminary Studies for the 'Philosophical Investigations. Harper Torchbooks, 1958, 1965, 185 pages. VSCPL.

Zettel. By Ludwig Wittgenstein. Edited by G.E.M. Anscombe and G.H. von Wright. Translated by G.E.M. Anscombe. University of California Press, 1967, 1970, 124 pages. VSCPL.

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. By Ludwig Wittgenstein. (1921) Translation by D. F. Pears and B.F. McGuinness. London, Routledge, 1961, 166 pages, index. Uses a numerical system for organizing his brief Remarks. VSCPL.

An Introduction to Wittgenstein's Tractatus. By G. E. M. Anscombe. Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. Hutchinson University Library, 1959, 1971, index, 179 pages. VSCPL.

Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Belief. By Ludwig Wittgenstein. Edited by Cyril Barrett, University of California, 1966, 72 pages. VSCPL.

How to Read Wittgenstein. By Ray Monk. Norton, 2005. VSCPL.

Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius. By Ray Monk. Penguin, 1991, 704 pages. VSCPL.

"When we do philosophy
We should like to hypostatize
Feelings where there are none.
They serve to explain out thoughts to us.
'Here explanation of our thinking demands a feeling.
It is as if our conviction
Were simply consequent upon this requirement."

- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations # 598

[I purchased my first copy of Philosophical Investigations
in January of 1975. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe,
1953, 1968, the Third Edition. Wittgenstein's Remarks are
often brief, numbered, questioning, expounding,
challenging, wandering, wondering . . . . . ]

Wittgenstein. By Anthony Kenny. Harvard University, 1973, 240 pages, index. VSCPL.

Simply Wittgenstein. by James Klagge. Simply Charly, 2016.

Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth-Century Analytic Philosophy. By P.M.S. Hacker. Blackwell, 1996.

 

 

 

Tuesday, December 23, 2025

Critical Thinkers - Who Are They?

 Who is a Good Critical Thinker?


"Today, especially, we all need to become philosophers, to develop a philosophical framework.  Critical thinking is a modern reworking of a philosophical perspective.  Who would you identify as expert critical thinkers?  To qualify, the people you identify should have lively, energetic minds that generally display the following qualities:

Open-minded: In discussions they listen carefully to every viewpoint, evaluating each perspective carefully and fairly.

Knowledgeable: When they offer an opinion, it's always based on facts or evidence.  On the other hand, if they lack knowledge of the subject, they acknowledge this.

Mentally Active: The take initiative and actively use their intelligence to confront problems and meet challenges, instead of simply responding to events.

Curious: They explore situations with probing questions that penetrate beneath the surface of issues, instead of being satisfied with superficial explanations.

Independent Thinkers: They are not afraid to disagree with the group opinion.  The develop well-supported beliefs through thoughtful analysis, instead of uncritically "borrowing" the beliefs of others or simply going along with the crowd.

Skilled Discussants: They are able to discuss ideas in and organized and intelligent way.  Even when the issues are controversial, they listen carefully to opposing viewpoints and respond thoughtfully.

Insightful: They are able to get to the heart of the issue or problem.  While others may be distracted by details they are able to zero in on the essence, seeing the "forest" as well as the "trees."

Self-aware: They are aware of their own biases and are quick to point them out and take them into consideration when analyzing a situation.

Creative: They can break out of established patterns of thinking and approach situations from innovative directions.

Passionate: They have a passion for understanding and are always striving to see issues and problems with more clarity."

-  John Chaffee, The Thinker's Way: 8 Steps to a Richer Life, 1998, p.36


The Thinker's Way: 8 Steps to a Richer Life (Think Critically, Live Creatively, Choose Freely).  By John Chaffee, Ph.D.  Boston, Little, Brown and Co, c1998.  Index, recommended reading, 420 pages. VSCL. 


Thinking Critically.  By John Chaffee, Ph.D.  Boston, Wadsworth Pub., 2012.  10th Edition.  Index, glossary, 575 pages.  John Chaffee, Ph.D., is a professor of philosophy at The City University of New York, where he has developed a popular Critical Thinking program.  VSCL. 


How to Live a Good Life: Advice from Wise Persons


Wednesday, November 30, 2022

Pulling Onions Again - Religion

 

Pulling Onions

By Michael P. Garofalo
Over 1,055 Sayings, One Liners, Adages, Quips, Observations
Obviously, I'm a more philosophical rather than a religions person.  


Life after death is armchair speculation; life before death requires intelligent engagement, practical actions, and the cultivation of virtues. 

To put a bigger hat on an idea─Capitalize its Key Words.

Talk of God's Commandments and Church Doctrines often gets in the way of charity, compassion, fairness, and reason.

Some former widespread "truths" are now abandoned, discarded, or irrelevant, just historical oddities. 

Non-believers can become virtuous, and devout believers can become evil; and vice-versa.  

One Book is better than none; but, more books introduce one to other facts, ideas, information, and wisdom. 

Doing well, acting well, may increase individual happiness or it may not; duties often drive us to sacrifice our contentment.  


Absolutes squirm beneath realities.  9
It is better to cultivate spiritual fruits than religious nuts.  523
I believe in "God"; I just spell It "Fiction."  756   
When the Divine knocks, don't send a prophet to the door.  48
Dogmatists are less useful than dogs.  711
Gardens are more useful than churches.  787 
The City of God does not meet any of our current building codes.  890 
God and I get along quite well, he ignores me all the time and I ignore him.  845
Perfection can be the opponent of betterment.  788

We did not come from dust, nor shall we return to dust, nor are we dust in the wind.  23
There is not much to say about the "Unknown."  3  


R. Buckminster-Fuller once suggested that "God is a verb, not a noun."  Which verb?  Pretending?  Storytelling?  Fantasizing?  Believing?  833
In general, be more specific.  79 

If the first man was created in the image of God, then it is obvious that God is mediocre and prone to evil.  786

Nothing grows in Hell.  134
The fear of the Lord is a corner stone of indoctrination and the beginning of the end of wisdom.  850 
After understanding thousands of the details, a common variety god is really quite superfluous.  725 


The root illusion is a belief in that which does not change.  451 
Roundness is the Holy Shape.  629
God may be very smart, but he is a poor communicator.  779
There is absolutely a place for Absolutes and Ideals in our rational/logical way of choosing to think about our experiences.  982

We already live in the Garden of Eden, but we now have to work to keep it growing.  136
God may have created the first garden, but, typical of Him, He got bored with trying to keep it up and make it better.  149
Say a prayer for a good harvest; but don't forget to weed and water.  288
The Bible is morally inconsistent and often morally reprehensible.  842
I never found God in my garden, but goddesses and gods and faeries dance everywhere.  492
Yes, God and Allah are both still dead, yet plenty is still not permitted and 
virtues and ideals still persist.  330   
Before you swear at the overgrown ivy, beware of Dionysus.  602 


The Garden of Eden is a badly painted backdrop to a lousy stage play.  860 
Even a god cannot listen to a billion prayers a day.  412
Beware of the man who speaks of God only as a father or a son.  573 
The real "miracle" is cause and effect.  584
Christians and Moslems love to lie about their own righteousness, and rant about the immorality of the non-believers in their fantasies.  986


The "eternal truths" are sometimes clearly false.  430
Have you noticed that people praying close their eyes?  People, please open your eyes and think instead.  444
If God existed it would be necessary to have a Goddess because God is just to lazy and incompetent.  471
If God gave us technology, why did he wait so long to give us a box of matches or solar power panels.  454 


What?   Another damn Garden of Eden analogy!  476
The seed idea for "God" is springtime.  596 
A God who is understood is really misunderstood ... actually no God at all.  598 
Variety, Creativity and Fertility are the Songs of the 
Great Goddess.  509
Hell is a silent dark world where nothing grows.  512  
Even Allah cannot alter the past; but our knowledge of the past changes each year.  549   
Is the the God of scriptures the Absolute?  Absolutely not!  996
Stop looking for the Green Man and He will appear.  601 


The gardener is a priestess, the garden her temple and followers, gardening her liturgy.  603 
Religion is intimate with awe, anxiety, fear, danger, and death.  608 
Avoid dogmatists, they often end up treating you like a dog.   623 
What good is All Powerful and All Wise "God" or "Allah" who can supposedly count every hair on your head, but can't find
a house for a homeless family, stop terrorists, get rid of the alcoholic thief next door, or save your citrus trees from frostbite?   681


Mother Nature is always pregnant.  702
It is best to shut one's mouth in face of the sacred.  719   
Create your own garden, the god's certainly won't.  736 
That something is eternal is unverifiable; it is one premise.  746  
If there is a "Divine Lawgiver," then He/She/It seems a rather poor judge and inconsistent.  978
Ordinary reality is good enough for most sensible people; a "higher" calling is answered by few.  759 
Don't kid yourself: seeing is not necessarily believing.  761 
To many the sun is a god and the earth is a goddess; and, our imaginations are boundless.  762 


To save some time, don't let them get a foot in the door.  795 
I may not be able to precisely define religious nonsense, but I know it when I hear it.  791 
I think, therefore I am a living person; dead bodies don't display thinking, just stinking.  826 
Disrespect and contempt for the body is a common trump card for spiritualists; but, our game of life does not use trump cards.  829 
Is the the God of scriptures the Absolute?  Absolutely not!  996 
A sure path to the perversion of truth is to make it a belief.  841 
The Bible is morally inconsistent and often morally reprehensible.  842
God is not dead─ he never existed in the first place.  887 


"Just believe" is the weakest argument for adopting an opinion.  888 
Seeing the "Big Picture" is just viewing a pleasant painting created by your imagination.  846
I have faith that science will help explain our world; but, I don't "believe in" or worship science.  908
Some questions just dissolve─when our spell is broken.  921 
Spinoza's God was Nature─by definition.  937 
Rather than seeking an answer we sometimes need to stop asking the question.  938 


I am not a marionette in the Hands of Deus (or Zeus, Yahweh, Allah, God, Shiva, Coyote, Great Father, etc.)  940 
Beliefs tend to channel the mind, wonder opens it up.  953 
If you are seeking certainty, the search will likely be tiresome and futile.  955 




Sunday, July 04, 2021

Independence Day or Dependence Day

My Midsummer Celebrations in 2021 include: the Summer Solstice rites, Olympics in Tokyo, NBA Finals, Tour de France, the Fourth of July, Father's Day, local travel, gardening, and reading poetry.

We are very pleased that Clark County has finally banned the sale and use of fireworks--- a stinking, loud, and dangerous bad habit in urban America. I prefer the smells and colors of Roses to the stench of fizzling fireworks.

In America, the 4th of July is a National Holiday.  Americans celebrate our "Independence Day" on this day.  Family gatherings, outdoor meals, games and sports, visiting with friends, and summer fun activities are all popular.  Some towns also have patriotic parades.

I prefer to call today "Dependence Day" to reflect views of Inter-Being, community cooperation and peace, working together, finding "common ground," cooperation, ecology, etc.  

I hope everyone has a very safe and peaceful 4th of July weekend holiday.  

May we all be able to find a government that enables us to create and work for a better life, respect liberty, and pursue happiness.  May be enjoy freedom from religious oppression, and be allowed to speak our minds in a civil manner.  May we avoid hatred, fear, stealing, lying, and fighting for impractical idealistic causes.  We should not enslave people, disrespect the rights of women, and persecute minorities.  Let us encourage gun free zones in our civil society.  Let us cultivate peace, tolerance, patience, and prosperity.  Let us work at our jobs diligently, intelligently, creatively, and with pride.  Let us preserve and protect our environment for future generations.  Let is strive for good health, vitality, and positive mental health.  Let us mind our own business when appropriate, and avoid listening to men with extreme and angry opinions and facile solutions to difficult problems.  Let us encourage kindness, generosity, simplicity, and community cooperation.  May reason and justice be our guides.  May we deliberate calmly and avoid extreme and inflexible opinions.  May we remember and respect the hardworking and decent wise women and men of the past. 

Best wishes to everyone!











Wednesday, September 02, 2020

American Philosophy

I have been reading many books about American intellectual history, American philosophy, ethics, contemporary issues, general U.S. history, biographies of American thinkers, Native Americans, values, etc.  Here are a few of these books:

The American Pragmatists.  By Cheryl Misak, Ph.D.  The Oxford History of Philosophy.  Oxford University Press, 2015, 1st Edition, 304 pages.  VSCL. 

Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants.  By Robin Wall Kimmerer.  Milkweed Editions, 2013, 390 pages.  

How to be an Epicurean: The Ancient Art of Living Well.  By Catherine Wilson, Ph.D.  New York, Basic Books, 2019.  293 pages, notes.  VSCL. 

Hiking with Nietzsche: On Becoming Who You Are.  By John Kaag, Farrar Straus, 2018.  VSCL.   

Slouching Towards Bethlehem: Essays.  By Joan Didion, 1968.  1960's California.  VSCL.   


Here are some of my hypertext notebooks on related subjects:

Epircureanism

How to Live a Good Life: Advice from Wise Persons

Virtues  

Native Americans of the Northwest   

Walking